Orthopedics Surgical Treatment in Hyderabad

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Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis is an infection in the joint fluid (synovial) and joint tissues. This occurs more often in children than compared with adults. This infection usually reaches the joints through the bloodstream. In certain cases, joints get an infection due to injection, surgery, or injury. Septic arthritis is caused due to different types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are staphylococci which are common bacteria that cause skin infections, Haemophilus influenza, Gram-negative bacilli, Streptococci, Gonococci, and Viruses such as HIV that infects the joints of all age groups. The most common type of bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus also known as S. aureus.

The treatment varies upon the severity; hence immediate antibiotics are given to improve the symptoms. Infection-related to fungi is treated with antifungal medicine and for viral infections, no medicine is given.

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Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is a rare and serious infection of the bone. It is caused by bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus, which is a staph bacterium. A person with the weak immune system have more risk of osteomyelitis such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, HIV, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, intravenous drug, alcohol, long term medications, poor blood supply, hemodialysis, injury, bone surgery may also sometimes increase the chance of getting a bone infection. It is difficult to understand the condition of the person who is affected. Doctors depend upon X-rays, blood tests, MRI and bone scans to confirm the condition. To find out the type of bacteria, a bone biopsy is done to prescribe the right medication.

Post-traumatic joint injections

Post-traumatic joint injections- these injections vary from person to person depending on their severity of joint pain. This will reduce pain and inflammation, and you will experience fewer symptoms for a few months. There are several injectable options such as

Corticosteroids are first given to reduce the symptoms, this will give 2 to 3 months of pain relief and reduces inflammation.
Hyaluronic acid injections are used when corticosteroids don’t work. But it is approved only for the knee. for some, it is given if there is no inflammation, it’s a good option for a diabetic patient as corticosteroids raise sugar levels. It is also known as gel injections.
Osteoarthritis joint pain is treated by Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, this injection uses your own blood and platelets to promote healing as platelets contain growth factors and protein that help the soft tissues to heal.
Placental tissue matrix (PTM) injections can decrease pain related to osteoarthritis. These placental tissue injections are obtained from a healthy mother after her delivery.

Infective nonunions

Infective nonunions are the most challenging clinical problems for orthopedic surgeons. Due to delayed healing, the fractured area of the bone and the surrounding soft tissues are infected. This causes severe pain and many suffer from purulent drainage from the infected area. The treatment for this starts with surgical removal of all infected bone and soft tissues.

Nonunions

Nonunions- most of the broken bones heal after surgery is performed. A new bone tissue starts to develop and connects the broken pieces. But some broken bones do not heal after performing the surgical or non-surgical treatment. Failing to heal is known as nonunion.

Delayed union

Delayed union happens due to poor blood supply to the bone that leads to non-healing fracture. Blood vessels provide oxygen and chemicals called growth factors to the bone that helps in healing. Other factors for delayed union are infections, inadequate reduction, and inadequate immobilization.

Fracture union

Fracture union- the broken bone healing process has three stages such as Inflammation, Bone production, and Bone remodeling. Inflammation develops immediately after the bone is fractured and stays for many days. Bleeding occurs in the fractured area that leads to inflammation and clotting of the blood. This gives the initial structural stability and framework for developing new bone. Bone production starts when the clotted blood formed by inflammation is replaced with fibrous tissue and cartilage called soft callus. Later soft callus is replaced with hard bone called hard callus that is visible on x-rays after a few weeks of the fracture. The last face of bone healing is bone remodeling; it takes several months to return to the original shape.

Bone gap

Bone gap healing happens when internal fixation leaves a gap between fragments. Gap healing occurs in two stages – Haversian remodeling is preceded by the laying down of woven bone scaffolding after that lamellar bone is deposited perpendicular to the long axis.

Despite many advances in materials, technology, and implant designs implant failure is a major concern for the surgeons. It can happen due to the wrong choice of implant, loosening of fixator, deformation, if implant causes infection, pain leads to rejection.

The main reasons for failed fracture surgery are inadequate fixation, malreduction, and bone defects can lead to the failure of surgical treatment.

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